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NEW DELHI: Heart attacks are most dangerous between the hours of one and five in the morning. According to researchers, the time of the attack considerably affects the size of the heart attack and the subsequent left ventricular function. According to a human study that was published online in the esteemed journal Circulation Research, “people who experience a heart attack between the hours of one and five in the morning suffer the most damage to the heart.” Doctors from India concurred. Dr Ramakant Panda, cardiac surgeon at Asian Heart Institute, said, “There are different phases of sleep. Early morning sleep is called rapid eye movement sleep during which people dream. The body is asleep but the mind is awake. The autonomous nervous system is stimulated which releases hormones such as adrenaline, noradrenaline and cortisol. These hormones increase the activity if the heart which beats and works harder. But the hormones constrict the blood supply to the heart.” Chairman of Escorts Heart Institute Dr Ashok Seth said, “Also, one main reason why heart attacks are worst at night is because people wait till morning to go and get an ECG. Initially, they rubbish it by thinking its indigestion and take some antacids.” “We were trying to ascertain whether the time of day of when a heart attack occurs influences the amount of damage that the heart sustains, or was this just a phenomenon exhibited in rodents,” said the study’s senior author Jay H Traverse, a cardiologist at Minneapolis Heart. A total of 165 patients with their first heart attack had blocked arteries, according to research of 1,031 acute heart attack patients who were referred for primary percutaneous coronary intervention and had known ischemia periods between one and six hours. All 165 patients had clearly defined ischemia periods, and data on the size and area-at-risk of heart attacks corroborated the findings. The size of the infarct was shown to be substantially correlated with the time of day that it first occurred, according to the researchers. What conclusions can be drawn from these findings? It is crucial to realize that over the course of a 24-hour cycle, the heart’s capacity to defend itself against more serious injury varies. According to Traverse, pharmaceutical companies looking to create cardioprotective medications may find it particularly useful to identify these protective alterations.